The Different Types of Batteries

Batteries can be divided into two ways - by application and by construction.

In terms of application, there are different types of batteries for automotive, marine, and deep-cycle. The deep-cycle type includes solar electric, backup power, and the batteries used for RVs and boat houses.

In terms of construction, batteries can either be flooded or wet, gelled, and Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM). These can be further subdivided into primary (disposable) and secondary (rechargeable). The primary type is designed to be used only once because the chemicals are used up in an effectively irreversible reaction. Once they run out, they are then disposed or recycled. The primary type also has very high impedance, which translates to long life energy storage for low current loads. Also, larger C and D size Lithium-thionyl-chloride (LTC) batteries that come in cylindrical forms belong to a type of battery that is a chemical hazard and cannot be transported by air.

On the other hand, a secondary or rechargeable battery can be recharged because the chemical reactions used within them are reversible. They can be recharged as often as 1,000 times by running a charging current through the battery, but in an opposite direction to the discharge current. Although efficient, there are limitations posed to a secondary battery, which include limited lifespan, limited power capability, and low energy-efficiency, as well as disposal concerns.

Batteries have indeed come a long way, from the days when the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta started its modern development. Today, they have become an essential part of everyday life.